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Related Concept Videos

Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...

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5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
08:50

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Child with acute lobar nephronia.

M Vijayakumar1, N Prahlad, G Nandhini

  • 1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Mehta Children's Hospital, Chennai - 600 031, India.

Indian Journal of Nephrology
|November 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A pediatric case highlights lobar nephronia, a kidney infection, initially misdiagnosed as Wilm's tumor in a young girl. Prompt antibiotic treatment led to successful recovery, underscoring accurate diagnosis in pediatric kidney conditions.

Keywords:
Interpretationlobar nephroniapyelonephritis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Diagnostic Imaging in Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • A five-year-old girl presented with persistent high-grade fever and a left kidney hypoechoic lesion.
  • Initial treatment with antibiotics was administered for the ultrasound-detected renal lesion.
  • Persistent symptoms prompted further investigation with CT abdomen.

Observation:

  • CT abdomen revealed features suggestive of lobar nephronia but was initially reported as a potential Wilm's tumor.
  • An open biopsy was performed to ascertain the accurate diagnosis.
  • The biopsy confirmed the presence of lobar nephronia.

Findings:

  • Lobar nephronia was confirmed as the correct diagnosis after initial misinterpretation as Wilm's tumor.
  • Continued antibiotic therapy was effective in managing the condition.
  • The patient showed improvement in fever and resolution of sonographic findings.

Implications:

  • This case emphasizes the importance of considering infectious etiologies like lobar nephronia in pediatric renal masses.
  • Accurate differentiation between infectious and neoplastic conditions is crucial for appropriate management in pediatric kidney diseases.
  • Timely diagnosis and targeted antibiotic therapy can lead to favorable outcomes in pediatric lobar nephronia.