Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

3.0K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
3.0K
Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

620
Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
620
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

1.8K
Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
1.8K
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

2.9K
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
2.9K
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

891
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
891
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

610
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
610

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phenotype Refinement Influences GWAS-Implicated Variant Effect Sizes for Insomnia.

Journal of sleep research·2026
Same author

Generalizability of symptom-based subtypes of moderate to severe OSA patients within and between ethnic groups.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society·2026
Same author

COMPREHENSIVE GENETIC INVESTIGATION REVEALS HETEROGENEOUS PATHWAYS TO OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Cross-species evidence for a developmental origin of adult hypersomnia with loss of synaptic adhesion molecules beat-Ia/CADM2.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Positive airway pressure therapy and cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnoea: an observational clinical cohort study.

Sleep medicine·2025
Same author

Impact of night shift work on women's fertility, pregnancy and menopause.

Frontiers in sleep·2025
Same journal

Dupilumab Emerges as an Effective Antibody Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

CAR T Cell Toxicities and Emerging Treatment Strategies.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: A Rapidly Evolving Landscape.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Accessibility of Somatic Genetic Testing for Cancer Treatment Decisions.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease: Updates in Pathophysiology and Management.

Annual review of medicine·2026
Same journal

Revascularization for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Disproving the 45-Year-Old Concept of Hibernating Myocardium.

Annual review of medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

5.3K

Update on sleep and its disorders.

Allan I Pack1, Grace W Pien

  • 1Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. pack@mail.med.upenn.edu

Annual Review of Medicine
|November 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep disorders negatively impact health, influencing genetics, cardiovascular events via obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and metabolic conditions like obesity and diabetes. Addressing sleep issues is crucial for overall well-being.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System
05:59

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System

Published on: October 20, 2023

2.9K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

5.3K
Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System
05:59

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System

Published on: October 20, 2023

2.9K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Inadequate sleep and sleep disorders pose significant risks to multiple physiological systems.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on the genetic, cardiovascular, and metabolic implications of sleep disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the genetic underpinnings of sleep disorders.
  • To examine the link between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular events.
  • To elucidate the impact of sleep disorders on obesity and diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on genetic determinants, epidemiological studies on OSA, and metabolic effects of sleep deprivation.
  • Analysis of common and rare gene variants associated with sleep disorders.
  • Examination of prospective cohort studies on OSA and cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Common gene variants are linked to restless legs syndrome and narcolepsy; rare variants are associated with familial phase advance syndrome and short sleep durations.
  • Severe, untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly increases cardiovascular event risk.
  • Inadequate sleep alters insulin resistance and hormones, promoting appetite and obesity; OSA is an independent risk factor for insulin resistance, improvable with treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors play a role in specific sleep disorders.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Sleep disorders, including OSA and general sleep inadequacy, are closely linked to obesity and diabetes, with treatment potentially improving metabolic health.