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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
04:48

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

Published on: November 28, 2018

Decrease in left atrium volume after successful balloon mitral valvuloplasty: an echocardiographic and hemodynamic

Saroumadi Adavane1, Satheesh Santhosh, S Karthikeyan

  • 1Cardiology Department, Saint-Antoine University and Medical School, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.

Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)
|November 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Successful balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) reduces left atrial (LA) volume immediately in patients with mitral stenosis. This reduction is significant in those with severely enlarged LA and correlates with decreased gradients.

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A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
04:48

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

Published on: November 28, 2018

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiac Interventions

Background:

  • Left atrial (LA) remodeling significantly impacts outcomes in mitral stenosis.
  • Limited data exists on the effect of balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) on LA volume.
  • This study investigates LA volume changes post-BMV in patients with mitral stenosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the immediate and 1-month evolution of left atrial (LA) volume after successful balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV).
  • To evaluate the correlation between LA volume changes and hemodynamic parameters post-BMV.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 33 patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis undergoing successful BMV.
  • Two-dimensional echocardiography used to measure LA volume indexed to body surface area before and after BMV (24 hours and 1 month).
  • Pulmonary artery-right ventricular (PA-RV) gradients and pulmonary vascular resistance were measured.

Main Results:

  • Successful BMV increased mitral valve area and decreased mean mitral valve gradient.
  • Indexed LA volume significantly decreased immediately after BMV (56 to 48 mL/m²) and at 1 month (45 mL/m²).
  • Significant LA volume reduction occurred only in patients with baseline LA volume ≥55 mL/m² and correlated with decreased PA-RV gradient and MVG.

Conclusions:

  • Successful BMV leads to an immediate decrease in LA volume in mitral stenosis patients in sinus rhythm.
  • The reduction in LA volume is maximal immediately post-BMV.
  • Significant LA volume reduction is observed in patients with severely enlarged LA and correlates with hemodynamic improvements.