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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
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Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

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Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

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Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats
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A straightjacket for pain?

Simon Beggs1, Michael W Salter

  • 1Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.

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|November 16, 2010
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a gene crucial for pain signal transmission and the prevention of sensory crosstalk. This discovery sheds light on how the brain manages pain and sensory information effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Pain perception relies on complex interactions within the peripheral and central nervous systems.
  • Understanding the genetic underpinnings of pain signal processing is essential for developing targeted therapies.

Discussion:

  • A whole-genome RNA interference screen in Drosophila identified a conserved mammalian gene.
  • This gene plays a dual role in facilitating pain signal transfer between brain regions.
  • It also actively suppresses aberrant signaling between distinct sensory modalities.

Key Insights:

  • Identification of a novel gene involved in both pain signal propagation and sensory gating.
  • Demonstrates a conserved mechanism across species for regulating neural communication.
  • Highlights the intricate relationship between pain pathways and other sensory systems.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into this gene's mechanism could reveal new therapeutic targets for pain management.
  • Understanding sensory suppression could offer insights into conditions involving sensory overload or misinterpretation.
  • This research opens avenues for exploring cross-modal interactions in the central nervous system.