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Nociception

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...

Pain

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...

Thermosensation

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...

Analgesia and Pain Management

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies

Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies

Published on: October 6, 2022

Pain and nociception in reptiles.

¹Department of Anesthesia, Canada West Veterinary Specialists, 1988 Kootenay Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5M 4Y3, Canada. c.mosley96@yahoo.ca

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice

|November 16, 2010

Summary

Reptiles may feel pain, necessitating ethical veterinary care. Assume reptiles experience pain and manage it when evidence suggests, promoting better animal welfare.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Animal Physiology
Reptile Welfare

Background:

Assessing pain perception in reptiles is complex, requiring integrated physiological and behavioral data.
Understanding nociception's impact on reptile homeostasis is crucial for their well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the ethical considerations for veterinary pain management in reptiles.
To review current knowledge on reptile pain and analgesia.

Main Methods:

Integration of physiological and behavioral evidence to assess reptile pain.
Review of existing literature on analgesic use in reptiles.

Main Results:

Limited current information exists on reptile pain perception.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies

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Published on: October 6, 2022

Back Mechanical Sensitivity Assessment in the Rat for Mechanistic Investigation of Chronic Back Pain

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Using Enclosed Y-Mazes to Assess Chemosensory Behavior in Reptiles

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Veterinary ethical guidelines suggest assuming pain capacity in reptiles.

Conclusions:

Veterinarians should ethically assume reptiles can feel pain and provide analgesia when indicated.
Increased awareness and data on reptile analgesia will likely improve pain management in these species.