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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the exudate's...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Interleukin 17 in vascular inflammation.

Sibylle von Vietinghoff1, Klaus Ley

  • 1Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
|November 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) plays a dual role in vascular disease, contributing to both host defense and inflammatory tissue destruction. This review examines IL-17

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a cytokine produced by T cells, is implicated in inflammatory responses.
  • Vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and vasculitis, involve significant immune cell infiltration.
  • IL-17 is increasingly recognized for its role in various inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for IL-17's role in vascular disease.
  • To explore the mechanisms of IL-17 action in atherosclerosis, vasculitis, and graft rejection.
  • To summarize findings from both mouse models and human studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on IL-17 in vascular disease.
  • Analysis of data from mouse models of vascular inflammation.

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In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

  • Examination of human studies investigating IL-17 in atherosclerosis, vasculitis, and transplant rejection.

    • Main Results:

    • IL-17 is elevated in acute inflammation and autoimmune vasculitides.
    • Evidence suggests IL-17 contributes to chronic vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis.
    • IL-17 is involved in alloimmune graft rejection affecting blood vessels.

    Conclusions:

    • IL-17 is a key mediator in vascular inflammation, impacting atherosclerosis and autoimmune vasculitis.
    • Understanding IL-17's role is crucial for developing targeted therapies for vascular diseases.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate IL-17's precise mechanisms in diverse vascular pathologies.