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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

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Gene Transfer to the Developing Mouse Inner Ear by In Vivo Electroporation
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Vision from the right stem.

Graziella Pellegrini1, Paolo Rama2, Michele De Luca1

  • 1Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|November 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Limbal cell cultures offer safe and effective corneal repair after chemical burns. Graft success depends on sufficient stem cells, identified by p63 transcription factor expression, guiding future cell therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chemical burns can severely damage the cornea, leading to vision loss.
  • Limbal stem cell transplantation is a recognized treatment for corneal damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define criteria for successful limbal cell grafts.
  • To highlight the role of stem cells in graft efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical performance of limbal cell cultures.
  • Assessment of stem cell markers, specifically p63 transcription factor expression.

Main Results:

  • Adequate stem cell numbers, indicated by p63 expression, are crucial for graft success.
  • Established criteria correlate with positive clinical outcomes in corneal repair.

Conclusions:

  • Rigorous criteria for limbal cell cultures ensure graft viability and effectiveness.
  • These principles may apply to other cultured cell therapies.