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Brain Waves

Brain Waves

Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

Wavelet based algorithm for the estimation of frequency flow from electroencephalogram data during epileptic seizure.

Premananda Indic¹, Jaishree Narayanan

¹Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01656, USA. Premananda.Indic@umassmed.edu

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

|November 16, 2010

Summary

Researchers used wavelets to analyze theta activity during temporal lobe seizures, revealing a buildup in the 5-12 Hz range before and after seizures. This suggests a potential transient alert state in the brain preceding epileptic events.

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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Signal Processing
Epilepsy Research

Background:

Temporal lobe seizures are associated with lateralized theta activity.
The precise dynamics and clinical significance of this theta activity remain unclear.
Understanding seizure onset dynamics is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the frequency flow dynamics of theta activity buildup during temporal lobe seizures.
To explore the clinical significance of pre-seizure theta activity patterns.
To apply wavelet analysis for detailed study of EEG signals.

Main Methods:

Continuous wavelet transform was used for time-frequency representation of EEG signals.
A ridge extraction algorithm estimated instantaneous frequency from normalized scalograms.
Analysis focused on identifying frequency buildup patterns before and during seizures.

Main Results:

A buildup in the 5-12 Hz frequency range was observed prior to seizure onset.
The duration of this 5-12 Hz activity increased after seizure onset.
Similar buildup patterns were noted in adjacent brain regions, distinct from baseline conditions.

Conclusions:

The widespread frequency buildup suggests propagation of neuronal interactions across large brain regions during seizures.
The findings indicate a possible transient alert state in the brain preceding epileptic seizures, linked to 5-12 Hz activity.