Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sympathomimetic amines are a safe, highly effective therapy for several female chronic disorders that do not respond well to conventional therapy.

Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology·2015
Same author

Detection of a microgonadotropinoma by magnetic resonance imaging performed because of excellent response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation despite elevated day 3 FSH.

Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology·2015
Same author

The effect of a rise or fall of serum estradiol the day before oocyte retrieval in women aged 40-42 with diminished egg reserve.

Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology·2015
Same author

The confounding effect of the development of idiopathic orthostatic edema and thyrotoxcosis on weight fluctuation related to effects on free water clearance in a woman with long-standing surgically induced panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus.

Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology·2015
Same author

The triad of luteal phase ocular migraines, interstitial cystitis, and dyspareunia as a result of sympathetic nervous system hypofunction.

Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology·2015
Same author

Marked improvement of vulvovaginitis of unknown origin in a pediatric patient--case report.

Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
09:03

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Published on: August 25, 2019

Recurrent aneuploidy--fact or fiction.

R Cohen, J H Check

    Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
    |November 17, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Some women may have a predisposition to forming chromosomally abnormal embryos, independent of age. In vitro fertilization with pre-implantation genetic diagnosis can help prevent miscarriage from recurrent polyploidy.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive medicine
    • Human genetics
    • Embryology

    Background:

    • Aneuploidy, an abnormal number of chromosomes, is a significant cause of miscarriage and developmental disorders.
    • While maternal age is a known risk factor for aneuploidy, other contributing factors are being investigated.

    Discussion:

    • This review explores the hypothesis that certain women possess an inherent predisposition to aneuploidy, specifically trisomies and polyploidy.
    • Anecdotal evidence and case reports suggest a potential familial tendency towards forming chromosomally abnormal embryos.

    Key Insights:

    • In vitro fertilization (IVF) combined with pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) provides evidence supporting the predisposition theory.
    • Some women appear more susceptible to developing embryos with trisomies or polyploidies, irrespective of their chronological age.

    More Related Videos

    Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
    07:54

    Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

    Published on: March 15, 2018

    Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes
    05:22

    Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes

    Published on: April 13, 2018

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

    Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
    09:03

    Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

    Published on: August 25, 2019

    Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
    07:54

    Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

    Published on: March 15, 2018

    Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes
    05:22

    Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes

    Published on: April 13, 2018

    Outlook:

    • IVF-PGD may be beneficial in mitigating recurrent miscarriages caused by polyploidy.
    • The utility of IVF-PGD for recurrent trisomies, where predisposition might play a role, requires further investigation and may be less effective.