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Related Concept Videos

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules01:10

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules

Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules01:10

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules

Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
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What are Carbohydrates?

Overview
Introduction to Carbohydrates01:34

Introduction to Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the primary macronutrients in the human diet. However, carbohydrates are the most favored source of energy in the body. They can be found in a wide variety of foods, including whole grains, fruit, and vegetables, in various forms, such as sugars, starch, and dietary fiber. Based on their structure, carbohydrates are classified into three main classes— monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The body's cells can only utilize simple...
Dietary Connections01:23

Dietary Connections

In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used as energy sources to produce...
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:

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Tracking Sugar-Elicited Local Searching Behavior in Drosophila
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Published on: November 17, 2023

A fascination with sugars.

Stuart Kornfeld1

  • 1Washington University in St. Louis, Internal Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA. skornfel@im.wustl.edu

Molecular Biology of the Cell
|November 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) system directs proteins to lysosomes. Defects in this glycosylation pathway cause lysosomal storage diseases, highlighting the importance of proper glycan biosynthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Proteins are often modified with oligosaccharides, which are crucial for diverse biological functions.
  • The mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) recognition system is vital for lysosomal targeting of acid hydrolases in eukaryotes.
  • Asn-linked high-mannose oligosaccharides aid protein folding via chaperone interactions and act as ligands for Man-6-P receptors after Golgi phosphorylation.

Discussion:

  • The Man-6-P system exemplifies the complex roles of protein glycosylation in cellular trafficking.
  • Faulty glycan biosynthesis leads to congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs), including lysosomal storage diseases.
  • This pathway underscores the link between protein modification and genetic disease.

Key Insights:

  • High-mannose oligosaccharides on acid hydrolases are essential for their proper folding and lysosomal delivery.
  • Phosphorylation to Man-6-P in the Golgi is a critical signal for lysosomal targeting via Man-6-P receptors.
  • Disruptions in the Man-6-P pathway result in severe lysosomal dysfunction and disease.

Outlook:

  • Further research into glycosylation pathways can uncover novel therapeutic targets for CDGs.
  • Understanding protein-glycan interactions is key to deciphering complex cellular processes.
  • Investigating the structural diversity of oligosaccharides may reveal new biological roles.