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Alternation learning in pathological gamblers: an fMRI Study.

Pinhas N Dannon1, Tammar Kushnir, Anat Aizer

  • 1Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center, Beer Yaakov, Israel. pinhasd@post.tau.ac.il

Brain Imaging and Behavior
|November 17, 2010
PubMed
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Pathological gambling is linked to altered frontal cortex activity. Neuroimaging reveals that greater gambling severity correlates with more pronounced changes in brain activation, particularly in left frontal regions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Pathological gambling is associated with impaired executive functions and interference control.
  • Previous studies identified deficits in tasks like the Stroop color word naming and go-no-go tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between frontal cortex function and gambling severity in pathological gamblers.
  • To explore neurobiological underpinnings of pathological gambling using neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to assess brain activity.
  • Ten male, medication-free pathological gamblers performed an alternation learning task.
  • Task performance is known to rely on frontal cortex regions.

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Main Results:

  • Brain activation during the alternation learning task was observed in frontal, parietal, and occipital regions.
  • Correlation between brain activation and task performance highlighted parietal and lateral/orbitofrontal regions.
  • Higher scores on the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) correlated with altered activation in left hemisphere parietal, frontal, and orbitofrontal regions.

Conclusions:

  • Pathological gambling may involve specific neuro-cognitive alterations.
  • Frontal cortex dysfunction appears to be a characteristic feature of pathological gambling.
  • These preliminary findings suggest a neurobiological basis for gambling severity.