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Related Concept Videos

Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Modeling Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease In Vitro by Transfecting Mouse Primary Motoneurons
07:43

Modeling Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease In Vitro by Transfecting Mouse Primary Motoneurons

Published on: January 7, 2019

Update on Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Agnes Patzkó1, Michael E Shy

  • 1Wayne State University, 421 East Canfield, Elliman Building 3209, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. apatzko@yahoo.com

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|November 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of inherited neuropathies caused by gene mutations. Research is advancing understanding of CMT

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies, comprises a genetically diverse set of inherited neurological disorders.
  • Mutations in over 40 genes, affecting Schwann cells and neurons, lead to overlapping clinical presentations.
  • The typical CMT phenotype involves length-dependent axonal degeneration, presenting as distal sensory deficits, weakness, altered reflexes, and skeletal deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) pathogenesis.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods for CMT.
  • To explore emerging therapeutic strategies for CMT.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent articles on CMT.

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An Improved Method to Isolate Mitochondrial Contact Sites

Published on: June 16, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Modeling Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease In Vitro by Transfecting Mouse Primary Motoneurons
07:43

Modeling Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease In Vitro by Transfecting Mouse Primary Motoneurons

Published on: January 7, 2019

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of Compound Muscle Action Potential from the Forelimbs in Mouse Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration
06:35

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of Compound Muscle Action Potential from the Forelimbs in Mouse Models of Motor Neuron Degeneration

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An Improved Method to Isolate Mitochondrial Contact Sites

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  • Analysis of molecular pathogenesis insights.
  • Overview of diagnostic approaches.
  • Discussion of ongoing and planned clinical trials.
  • Main Results:

    • Recent research has illuminated the molecular mechanisms underlying CMT, identifying potential therapeutic targets.
    • Despite the lack of current approved medications, numerous clinical trials are underway or in development.
    • The review synthesizes information on pathomechanisms, diagnostics, and therapeutic avenues.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the molecular basis of CMT is crucial for developing effective treatments.
    • Advances in research offer hope for future therapeutic interventions for CMT patients.
    • This review provides a comprehensive overview of CMT, from its mechanisms to potential treatments.