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Impact of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms on risk of cancer

Anton G Kutikhin1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo, Russian Federation. antonkutikhin@gmail.com

Human Immunology
|November 18, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may influence cancer risk by altering immune responses. Specific TLR4 SNPs, like Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, are linked to gastric and gallbladder cancers, but data remain conflicting.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is crucial for innate immunity, recognizing pathogens.
  • Dysregulation of TLR4 signaling via single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can impact immune responses and cancer risk.
  • Numerous TLR4 SNPs have been investigated for their association with various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) polymorphisms and cancer risk.
  • To highlight key TLR4 SNPs, such as Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, and their potential roles in specific cancers.
  • To identify conflicting data and emphasize the need for further research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating TLR4 SNPs and cancer associations.
  • Focus on specific polymorphisms like Asp299Gly (rs4986790) and Thr399Ile (rs4986791).
  • Analysis of associations with gastric, gallbladder, and prostate cancers.

Main Results:

  • TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with at least nine types of cancer.
  • Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile may increase the risk of precancerous gastric lesions and possibly gastric cancer.
  • Thr399Ile may be linked to gallbladder cancer, while both show no impact on prostate cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • Conflicting data exist regarding TLR4 SNPs and cancer associations.
  • Further large-scale, well-designed studies in diverse populations are necessary.
  • A list of TLR4 SNPs for future investigation is proposed, including Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile.

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