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Related Concept Videos

Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.
Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
Errors in Taping01:18

Errors in Taping

Errors in taping arise from multiple factors that can significantly impact measurement accuracy in surveying. Misalignment of the tape, often due to human error, is one primary source. A skilled rear tapeman, using a telescope, can help correct alignment by guiding the head tapeman; however, human limitations still lead to small inaccuracies. These errors may include misplacement of pins or inaccurate tape readings due to common visual confusions, such as mistaking a six for a nine. Such...
Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors

A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Latent variable approach to correct errors in radiographic measurements.

Yu-Kang Tu1, Nikos Donos, Daniela Pometti

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. y.k.tu@leeds.ac.uk

European Journal of Oral Sciences
|November 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a latent variable approach to accurately assess radiographic changes in periodontal disease, improving diagnostic reliability. Both the latent variable method and correction factor method significantly enhance measurement accuracy compared to raw data.

More Related Videos

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision
07:57

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Published on: April 29, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision
07:57

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Published on: April 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Radiographic analysis
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of radiographic outcomes is crucial for diagnosing and treating periodontal diseases.
  • Radiographic measurements are susceptible to various factors, complicating the evaluation of treatment-induced changes.
  • Existing methods struggle to reliably quantify changes in periodontal defects from radiographs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a latent variable approach (LVM) for correcting radiographic measurement distortions.
  • To compare the LVM with a correction factor method (CFM) for assessing changes in infrabony defect depth.
  • To assess the reliability of radiographic measurements in periodontal disease assessment.

Main Methods:

  • A latent variable approach was developed to correct for distortions in paired periapical radiographs.
  • The LVM was applied to clinical data from 123 patients undergoing non-surgical periodontal therapy.
  • Performance was evaluated using computer simulations and compared against a correction factor method and uncorrected measurements via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Main Results:

  • Both the latent variable method (LVM) and correction factor method (CFM) demonstrated comparable results on the example dataset.
  • Simulations indicated that both LVM and CFM achieved very high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).
  • Uncorrected, raw radiographic measurements showed relatively low ICCs, highlighting the need for correction.

Conclusions:

  • Correction for errors in radiographic measurements is essential for routine periodontal assessments.
  • Both LVM and CFM are effective in improving the accuracy of radiographic outcome assessment.
  • LVM offers greater flexibility, particularly with missing data and large treatment effects, suggesting its potential for broader application.