Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Embedded macrophages induce intravascular coagulation in 3D blood vessel-on-chip.

Biomedical microdevices·2023

Same author

Modular operation of microfluidic chips for highly parallelized cell culture and liquid dosing via a fluidic circuit board.

Microsystems & nanoengineering·2021

Same author

Tensile properties of segmented block copolymers with monodisperse hard segments.

Journal of materials science·2021

Same author

Cell type-specific changes in transcriptomic profiles of endothelial cells, iPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes cultured on microfluidic chips.

Scientific reports·2021

Same author

Multiplexed blood-brain barrier organ-on-chip.

Lab on a chip·2020

Same author

Cationic Hofmeister Series of Wettability Alteration in Mica-Water-Alkane Systems.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Gene Expression Analysis of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Multiple Parallel-plate Flow Chambers

Gene Expression Analysis of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Multiple Parallel-plate Flow Chambers

Published on: October 21, 2018

Shear stress induces a transient and VEGFR-2-dependent decrease in the motion of injected particles in endothelial

A D van der Meer¹, Y Li, M H G Duits

¹Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

|November 19, 2010

Summary

Endothelial cells stiffen acutely in response to blood flow (shear stress). This micromechanical stiffening, mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, involves the cytoskeleton and is transient.

More Related Videos

Human Saphenous Vein Endothelial Cell Isolation and Exposure to Controlled Levels of Shear Stress and Stretch

Human Saphenous Vein Endothelial Cell Isolation and Exposure to Controlled Levels of Shear Stress and Stretch

Published on: April 21, 2023

The Assembly and Application of 'Shear Rings': A Novel Endothelial Model for Orbital, Unidirectional and Periodic Fluid Flow and Shear Stress

The Assembly and Application of 'Shear Rings': A Novel Endothelial Model for Orbital, Unidirectional and Periodic Fluid Flow and Shear Stress

Published on: October 31, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Gene Expression Analysis of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Multiple Parallel-plate Flow Chambers

Gene Expression Analysis of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Multiple Parallel-plate Flow Chambers

Published on: October 21, 2018

Human Saphenous Vein Endothelial Cell Isolation and Exposure to Controlled Levels of Shear Stress and Stretch

Human Saphenous Vein Endothelial Cell Isolation and Exposure to Controlled Levels of Shear Stress and Stretch

Published on: April 21, 2023

The Assembly and Application of 'Shear Rings': A Novel Endothelial Model for Orbital, Unidirectional and Periodic Fluid Flow and Shear Stress

The Assembly and Application of 'Shear Rings': A Novel Endothelial Model for Orbital, Unidirectional and Periodic Fluid Flow and Shear Stress

Published on: October 31, 2016

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Cell Biology
Physiology

Background:

Vascular endothelial cells line blood vessels and are crucial for vascular health and disease.
These cells are sensitive to mechanical forces, particularly fluid shear stress from blood flow.
Understanding the immediate cellular response to shear stress is key to comprehending vascular function.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the immediate micromechanical response of endothelial cells to physiological shear stress.
To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 in this response.
To elucidate the involvement of the cytoskeleton in the acute cellular reaction to shear stress.

Main Methods:

Tracking sub-micron fluorescent particles injected into endothelial cells.
Applying physiological levels of fluid shear stress.
Measuring changes in particle motion (mean squared displacement - MSD) over time.
Utilizing VEGFR-2 inhibition to assess its role.

Main Results:

A significant decrease (1.5-fold) in particle motion (MSD) was observed within 10 minutes of shear stress onset.
This stiffening effect was transient, with particle motion returning to baseline levels within 15-30 minutes.
Inhibiting VEGFR-2 completely abolished the shear-induced micromechanical stiffening.
The cytoskeleton was identified as actively participating in this acute response.

Conclusions:

Endothelial cells exhibit an immediate, transient micromechanical stiffening in response to shear stress.
This response is dependent on the activation of VEGFR-2.
The cytoskeleton plays an active role in the acute functional adaptation of endothelial cells to mechanical stimuli like shear stress.