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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry
05:38

Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry

Published on: January 28, 2017

Endothelial cells in pancreatic islet development and function.

Amaresh K Ranjan1, Mugdha V Joglekar, Anandwardhan A Hardikar

  • 1Stem Cells and Diabetes Section, National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, India.

Islets
|November 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endothelial cells guide pancreatic development by instructing progenitor cells. Understanding these signals is key to generating insulin-producing cells for therapeutic use.

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Isolation of Mouse Pancreatic Endothelial Cells
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Endothelial Cell Co-culture Mediates Maturation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell to Pancreatic Insulin Producing Cells in a Directed Differentiation Approach

Published on: March 27, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry
05:38

Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry

Published on: January 28, 2017

Isolation of Mouse Pancreatic Endothelial Cells
06:14

Isolation of Mouse Pancreatic Endothelial Cells

Published on: June 21, 2024

Endothelial Cell Co-culture Mediates Maturation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell to Pancreatic Insulin Producing Cells in a Directed Differentiation Approach
08:29

Endothelial Cell Co-culture Mediates Maturation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell to Pancreatic Insulin Producing Cells in a Directed Differentiation Approach

Published on: March 27, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Endothelial cells are abundant in mammalian embryos, often integrated within organs like the pancreas.
  • They play a crucial instructive role in determining progenitor cell fate during embryonic development.
  • Previous studies highlight the significance of endothelial cells in normal pancreatic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the development of endothelial and endodermal cells.
  • To understand endothelium-derived signaling in pancreatic lineage differentiation.
  • To inform strategies for in vitro generation of insulin-producing cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of developmental studies.
  • Analysis of endothelial and endodermal cell interactions.
  • Synthesis of signaling mechanisms in pancreatic differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial cells are integral to organ development, including the pancreas.
  • They provide instructive signals essential for progenitor cell differentiation.
  • Specific signaling pathways mediate endodermal cell differentiation into endocrine pancreatic lineages.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial cells are critical regulators of pancreatic organogenesis.
  • Understanding these cell-cell interactions is vital for regenerative medicine.
  • This knowledge can advance strategies for creating pancreatic beta cells in vitro.