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Related Concept Videos

Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
Exocytosis00:51

Exocytosis

Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis

Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is a cellular mechanism that involves the inward folding of the cell membrane to create vesicles that capture and transport large drug molecules. This process comprises two distinct methods: pinocytosis (often referred to as "cell drinking") and phagocytosis (often referred to as "cell eating"). Pinocytosis is...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
Endocytosis always begins with the plasma membrane enclosing an incoming molecule to form a transport vesicle which, in some cases, can be coated with a protein called ‘clathrin.' Endocytosed material is either sorted through...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...

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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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ATP regulates sodium channel kinetics in pancreatic islet beta cells.

The Journal of membrane biology·2013
Same author

AMPA receptors regulate exocytosis and insulin release in pancreatic β cells.

Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)·2012
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Donor islet endothelial cells in pancreatic islet revascularization.

Diabetes·2011
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Bone morphogenetic protein 3 controls insulin gene expression and is down-regulated in INS-1 cells inducibly expressing a hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A-maturity-onset diabetes of the young mutation.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2011
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Negative impact of endocrine-disrupting compounds on human reproductive health.

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cAMP increases the sensitivity of exocytosis to Ca²+ primarily through protein kinase A in mouse pancreatic beta cells.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis
13:28

Automated Detection and Analysis of Exocytosis

Published on: September 11, 2021

All together now: exocytose or fail.

Marjan Rupnik1

  • 1Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia. marjan.rupnik@uni-mb.si

Islets
|November 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthy pancreatic beta-cells form a syncytium for coordinated insulin release, maintained by Connexin36 (Cx36) and nerve input. Loss of this structure can lead to diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Pancreatic beta-cells form a syncytium, crucial for coordinated insulin secretion.
  • Cell-to-cell electrical coupling via Connexin36 (Cx36) and neural modulation are vital for islet function.
  • This complex structure develops postnatally and is maintained throughout adulthood.

Discussion:

  • Disruption of the beta-cell syncytium and electrical coupling can impair insulin exocytosis.
  • Loss of islet structure, often due to beta-cell death in hyperglycemia, is linked to glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus.
  • Innervation plays a modulatory role in beta-cell function and overall glucose homeostasis.

Key Insights:

  • Connexin36 (Cx36) is essential for maintaining beta-cell electrical coupling and coordinated insulin release.
  • The structural integrity of the pancreatic islet syncytium is critical for preventing diabetes.
  • Impaired beta-cell communication and islet architecture are hallmarks of diabetic conditions.

Outlook:

  • Further research into Cx36 and neural regulation could reveal new therapeutic targets for diabetes.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of islet structure maintenance is key to preventing and treating metabolic disorders.
  • Investigating the reversibility of islet structural loss may offer novel treatment strategies for diabetes mellitus.