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Related Concept Videos

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins

Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular cargos...
Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation.  In gated transport, folded...
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
Anaphase A and B01:39

Anaphase A and B

Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
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Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...

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Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles
09:00

Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles

Published on: November 3, 2010

Cargo loading onto kinesin powered molecular shuttles.

Yolaine Jeune-Smith1, Ashutosh Agarwal, Henry Hess

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, USA.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|November 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers detail the construction of molecular shuttles using kinesin motors and microtubules. These synthetic systems mimic intracellular transport, enabling efficient cargo delivery for various applications.

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11:09

Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis

Published on: October 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cells utilize kinesin motor proteins and microtubules for intracellular transport.
  • Kinesin motors use ATP to move along microtubule tracks.
  • Microtubules act as essential tracks for long-distance cargo transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the construction of molecular shuttles in microfabricated synthetic environments.
  • To create functional synthetic systems mimicking cellular transport mechanisms.
  • To enable the loading and transport of various cargoes using engineered molecular shuttles.

Main Methods:

  • Kinesin motors adsorbed to a casein-coated surface.
  • Microtubules polymerized from biotinylated tubulin adhered to kinesin.
  • Rhodamine-labeled streptavidin coating and biotinylated nanosphere cargo addition.
  • Sub-saturating ATP concentration for optimal microtubule gliding velocity.

Main Results:

  • Successful construction of molecular shuttles using kinesin and microtubules.
  • Demonstrated loading of biotinylated nanospheres as cargo.
  • Protocol adaptable for diverse cargoes like DNA, quantum dots, and antigens.

Conclusions:

  • The described protocol provides a method for building functional molecular shuttles.
  • These shuttles effectively mimic and utilize biological transport machinery.
  • The system is versatile and can be modified for a wide range of cargo types and applications.