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Related Concept Videos

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities
08:10

Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities

Published on: March 31, 2014

Modelling vesicular release at hippocampal synapses.

Suhita Nadkarni1, Thomas M Bartol, Terrence J Sejnowski

  • 1Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Plos Computational Biology
|November 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models presynaptic calcium dynamics and vesicle release, revealing three distinct release timescales. These timescales are largely independent of synaptic structure, suggesting universal features of neurotransmission.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

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Published on: March 31, 2014

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An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
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Published on: June 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Presynaptic calcium dynamics are crucial for neurotransmitter release.
  • Understanding vesicle fusion mechanisms is key to synaptic function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model local calcium dynamics and vesicle fusion in a presynaptic bouton.
  • To investigate the kinetic and spatial factors influencing neurotransmitter release.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a stochastic, spatially explicit, biophysical model of the CA3-CA1 presynaptic bouton.
  • Utilized detailed Monte Carlo simulations to analyze vesicle release kinetics.
  • Incorporated a kinetic model with two calcium sensors for fast and slow release.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct timescales of vesicle release: fast synchronous, slow asynchronous, and a stimulus-correlated third scale.
  • A refractory period of a few milliseconds between releases was necessary to explain observed data.
  • A second asynchronous release sensor with a slow unbinding site facilitated release and affected short-term plasticity.
  • All identified release timescales were insensitive to spatial details of synaptic ultrastructure.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptic transmission exhibits universal features independent of specific structural details.
  • The model successfully accounts for a wide range of experimental data on vesicle release.
  • The interplay of calcium sensors and refractory periods governs complex release dynamics.