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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
07:48

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

[Disease progression in bladder cancer: which developments since 1994].

V Varca, A Simonato, P Traverso

    Urologia
    |November 19, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Prostate cancer diagnosis improved with PSA screening, but bladder cancer diagnosis has not seen similar advancements. Bladder cancer shows increased lymph node spread, highlighting a need for better screening and early detection methods.

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    An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment
    08:43

    An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

    Published on: July 28, 2012

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    Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

    An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
    07:48

    An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

    Published on: December 1, 2013

    An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment
    08:43

    An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

    Published on: July 28, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Oncology
    • Pathology

    Context:

    • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has improved prostate cancer outcomes.
    • Bladder cancer management has not benefited from similar diagnostic advancements.
    • Radical prostatectomy and cystectomy patient data from 1994-2006 were analyzed.

    Purpose:

    • To compare the diagnostic stage shift and outcomes of bladder cancer with prostate cancer.
    • To evaluate changes in pathological findings for bladder and prostate cancer patients over time.

    Summary:

    • Prostate cancer patients showed decreased extracapsular extension and lymph node invasion in later years.
    • Bladder cancer patients exhibited more T2 tumors but also increased lymph node positivity (pN+).
    • Retrospective analysis indicates limited success in early bladder cancer diagnosis compared to prostate cancer.

    Impact:

    • Bladder cancer diagnosis has not shown a comparable improvement to prostate cancer, despite a decline in locally advanced disease.
    • Increased lymph node dissemination in bladder cancer warrants further investigation into diagnostic or treatment factors.
    • Developing new diagnostic markers and screening protocols for bladder tumors is crucial for improved patient outcomes.