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Related Concept Videos

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
06:39

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

[Ureterorenoscopy with a flexible instrument].

M Zanin, L Ruggera, P Beltrami

    Urologia
    |November 19, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) is recommended for diagnosing and treating urinary stones, offering safe exploration of the entire upper urinary tract. Despite a learning curve and instrument fragility, FURS effectively manages complex kidney stone cases.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

    Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
    06:39

    Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

    Published on: November 22, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Endourology
    • Nephrology

    Context:

    • Urinary stone management
    • Urological Centers
    • Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy

    Purpose:

    • To advocate for the routine use of flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) in managing urinary stones.
    • To highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of FURS in exploring the upper urinary tract.
    • To discuss the advantages and limitations of FURS in treating complex renal calculi.

    Summary:

    • Flexible ureterorenoscopy enables comprehensive exploration and treatment of the entire upper urinary tract.
    • This technique is particularly effective for challenging kidney stone locations, including lower calices and horseshoe kidneys.
    • Ancillary instrumentation, such as baskets and holmium laser fibers, enhances the therapeutic potential of FURS.

    Impact:

    • FURS facilitates successful treatment of difficult-to-reach renal caliceal calculi.
    • The widespread availability of ancillary tools supports the growing therapeutic applications of FURS.
    • Surgeons must consider the steep learning curve and potential instrument fragility associated with FURS.