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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Physiology of Urine Formation01:24

Physiology of Urine Formation

Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
10:19

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

[Evolution and progress in bladder replacement].

D Fontana, P Destefanis, A Cugiani

    Urologia
    |November 19, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Orthotopic neobladder surgery is increasingly preferred over urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Italian urologists favor specific ileal neobladder techniques, yet continue seeking simpler, more reliable bladder reconstruction solutions.

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    Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
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    Published on: August 9, 2012

    Surgical Model for Single-Staged Tissue-Engineered Urothelial Tubes in Minipigs
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    Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
    03:25

    Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

    Published on: June 16, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Surgical Oncology
    • Reconstructive Surgery

    Context:

    • Radical cystectomy is a major surgery for bladder cancer.
    • Urinary diversion was the traditional method for bladder reconstruction.
    • Orthotopic neobladder reconstruction has emerged as a preferred alternative.

    Purpose:

    • To assess trends in urinary diversion versus orthotopic neobladder use in Italy.
    • To identify preferred orthotopic neobladder techniques among Italian urologists.
    • To understand the evolving landscape of bladder replacement surgery.

    Summary:

    • A 2006 mail interview surveyed Italian Urology Departments on urinary diversion and orthotopic neobladder practices.
    • The study observed an increased preference for orthotopic neobladder over urinary diversion compared to five years prior.
    • Italian urologists predominantly utilize ileal reservoirs, with Studer's neobladder and VIP being favored, while Camey II use declines and Y-neobladder gains popularity over Hautmann's reservoir.

    Impact:

    • Highlights the shift towards orthotopic neobladder reconstruction in Italy.
    • Indicates a preference for specific ileal neobladder techniques among Italian surgeons.
    • Suggests an ongoing search for improved and more dependable orthotopic neobladder solutions.