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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Anomalous extraocular muscles with strabismus.

M D Dobbs1, L A Mawn, S P Donahue

  • 1Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. matthew.dobbs@vanderbilt.edu

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|November 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reports a rare case of Gorlin syndrome in an infant presenting with strabismus. Surgical correction of anomalous extraocular muscles successfully treated the condition.

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Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment
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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
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Published on: July 21, 2020

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Gorlin syndrome is a rare genetic disorder associated with various developmental abnormalities.
  • Strabismus, or eye misalignment, can be a complex condition requiring precise diagnosis and treatment.

Observation:

  • An 8-month-old boy with Gorlin syndrome exhibited significant facial asymmetry and left exotropia.
  • Initial surgical intervention on the lateral rectus muscle provided incomplete correction of the strabismus.

Findings:

  • Orbital imaging identified anomalous extraocular muscles adjacent to the optic nerves.
  • Surgical removal of these accessory muscles resulted in complete strabismus correction.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering accessory extraocular muscles in complex strabismus associated with genetic syndromes.
  • It suggests a potential new diagnostic and therapeutic approach for similar challenging cases in pediatric ophthalmology.
  • This finding contributes novel insights to the radiological and surgical literature on managing strabismus in Gorlin syndrome.