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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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Intrapericardial ectopic thyroid carcinoma in a cat.

Susan Knowles1, Elizabeth W Uhl, Uriel Blas-Machado

  • 1University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA. sknowles@uga.edu

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|November 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A rare cardiac tumor, a feline pericardial teratoma, was identified in a cat presenting with tachycardia. This tumor contained thyroid tissue, despite normal thyroid gland appearance and hormone levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases in Animals
  • Neoplasia in Domestic Animals

Background:

  • Tachycardia in felines can indicate serious underlying conditions, including cardiac masses.
  • Pericardial masses can cause significant cardiovascular compromise.
  • Ectopic thyroid tissue is a known phenomenon, but rarely presents as a primary cardiac tumor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a unique pericardial mass in a feline patient.
  • To determine the origin and histological nature of the cardiac mass.
  • To correlate clinical presentation with pathological findings.

Main Methods:

  • Gross necropsy examination of the thoracic cavity.
  • Histopathological evaluation of the pericardial mass.
  • Immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin and calcitonin.
  • Assessment of gross thyroid gland appearance and serum thyroxine levels.

Main Results:

  • A large, multiloculated, expansile mass was found within the pericardial sac, compressing the myocardium.
  • Histology revealed polygonal cells and colloid-containing follicles, with positive thyroglobulin staining.
  • Thyroid glands appeared normal, and serum thyroxine was within normal limits.

Conclusions:

  • The feline pericardial mass was diagnosed as a teratoma with differentiated thyroid tissue (struma cordis).
  • This case highlights a rare presentation of ectopic thyroid tissue within the heart.
  • Clinical signs were attributed to the mass effect of the cardiac tumor, despite normal systemic thyroid function.