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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
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Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
10:34

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Published on: August 30, 2020

Immunodepression after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Asita Sarrafzadeh1, Florian Schlenk, Andreas Meisel

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Campus Virchow Medical Center, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. asita.sarrafzadeh@charite.de

Stroke
|November 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) causes early immunodepression, particularly in symptomatic patients. This immune dysfunction is linked to a higher risk of pneumonia after aSAH.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
10:34

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: August 30, 2020

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
09:14

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Immunodepression is a known complication after stroke, increasing infection rates.
  • The impact of immunodepression on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) outcomes remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of immunodepression following aSAH.
  • To determine the association between immunodepression and the incidence of infections post-aSAH.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective pilot study involving 16 aSAH patients.
  • Comprehensive immune monitoring included leukocyte subsets, monocyte HLA-DR expression, and ex vivo cytokine secretion until day 10.
  • Infection occurrence was assessed within 14 days post-aSAH.

Main Results:

  • aSAH induced T-lymphopenia, impaired cytokine secretion, and reduced monocyte HLA-DR expression in all patients.
  • These immune deficits persisted beyond day 3 only in symptomatic patients.
  • Pneumonia occurred more frequently (67%) in symptomatic patients, correlating with lower T-cell counts and interferon-γ production at day 1.

Conclusions:

  • aSAH triggers early and pronounced immunodepression, which is sustained in symptomatic cases.
  • This immunodepression is significantly associated with an increased incidence of pneumonia.
  • Early identification of aSAH-induced immunodepression may enable targeted interventions to prevent infectious complications.