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Is protein metabolism changed with obesity?
Christelle Guillet1, Aurélie Masgrau, Yves Boirie
1Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, France. Christelle.Guillet@clermont.inra.fr
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|November 20, 2010
Summary
Obesity impacts protein metabolism, potentially impairing muscle protein synthesis. Research is ongoing to clarify these effects, especially considering confounding metabolic disturbances in obese individuals.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic Physiology
- Obesity Research
- Protein Metabolism
Background:
- Obesity is linked to metabolic dysfunction, particularly in carbohydrate and lipid regulation.
- The specific effects of obesity on protein metabolism remain unclear.
- Understanding protein metabolism alterations is crucial for managing obesity-related health issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing clinical data on how obesity modifies protein metabolism.
- To synthesize current knowledge on protein metabolism in obese individuals.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical studies on obesity and protein metabolism.
- Analysis of data concerning protein synthesis and breakdown in obese subjects.
Main Results:
- Whole-body protein metabolism appears less sensitive to insulin action in obesity.
- Obese individuals may experience impaired skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates.
- Studies in rats show no changes in tissue protein synthesis with obesity alone, suggesting confounding factors.
Conclusions:
- Obesity alters body composition, with variable lean body mass (increased or decreased in sarcopenic obesity).
- The impact of obesity on protein metabolism, including synthesis and breakdown, is debated.
- Conflicting findings in muscle protein kinetics studies highlight the complexity and potential confounding factors in obesity research.
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