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Updated: Jun 6, 2026
A Full Skin Defect Model to Evaluate Vascularization of Biomaterials In Vivo
Published on: August 28, 2014
Long-term clinical and histological analysis of Integra dermal regeneration template
Naiem Moiemen1, Jeremy Yarrow, Elaine Hodgson
1Birmingham and Wolverhampton, United Kingdom From the University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust and Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals National Health Service Trust.
Background:
This study looked at clinical and histological outcomes of patients treated with Integra more than 2 years earlier. Although previous studies have investigated the short-term clinical and histological results, there have been no studies to investigate longer-term changes.
Methods:
Fourteen patients (23 sites) were assessed. Patients used a visual analogue scale to score characteristics of their scars. Objective evaluation of the reconstructions was carried out using the Cutometer MPA580. Punch biopsy specimens of the sites were stained and labeled immunohistochemically with S100, CD31, and CD34 antisera.
Results:
The highest scoring category by patients was softness (median, +45 percent). The lowest score was sweating, which all patients scored 0. The median Cutometer readings ranged from 39 to 52 percent of the control values. Histological examination showed three patterns of collagen arrangement; parallel arrangement was found in over 60 percent of specimens. Elastic fibers were identified in all specimens; however, all were of abnormal morphology. The majority of specimens showed evidence of nerve fiber regeneration although confined to the mid- or lower reticular dermis. There was no regeneration of skin adnexa.
Conclusions:
This study showed significant improvements in patient-assessed mobility, softness, and appearance. Collagen and elastic fibrin were present in all specimens, nerve fiber regeneration was limited to the mid- or lower reticular dermis, and adnexal structures were absent. The typical wrinkled appearance of mature Integra reconstruction cannot be said to be entirely due to a lack of elastic fibers.
