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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Published on: December 31, 2015

Which is the ideal target for preterm growth?

¹Pediatric Section, University of Ferrara, Italy.

Minerva Pediatrica

|November 25, 2010

Summary

Postnatal growth failure is common in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants despite improved survival. Early nutritional management is crucial to prevent long-term health and neurodevelopmental issues.

Area of Science:

Neonatology
Pediatric Growth and Development
Nutritional Science

Background:

Improved survival rates for very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants highlight the challenge of postnatal growth failure.
Despite advancements in neonatal care, most VLBW/ELBW infants experience significant extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the causes and consequences of postnatal growth failure in VLBW/ELBW infants.
To emphasize the importance of early nutritional management in optimizing growth and long-term outcomes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of factors contributing to EUGR in VLBW/ELBW infants.
Analysis of the impact of growth impairment on neurodevelopment and long-term health.
Discussion of current strategies and future directions in neonatal nutrition.

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Main Results:

Frequent illnesses, medical interventions, feeding intolerance, and inadequate nutrient delivery are primary causes of EUGR.
Growth impairment, particularly affecting head circumference, negatively impacts neurodevelopmental outcomes.
While catch-up growth occurs, VLBW infants often remain smaller than term peers.

Conclusions:

Optimizing early nutrient delivery is essential for VLBW/ELBW infants to achieve adequate growth rates (18-20 g/kg/d).
Preventing EUGR through appropriate neonatal nutrition can mitigate long-term health risks and improve neurodevelopmental trajectories.
Further research is needed to fully understand the endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular consequences of neonatal nutrition.