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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
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A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

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Related Experiment Video

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Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
06:24

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Published on: May 28, 2013

Dose modeling in ultraviolet phototherapy.

David Robert Grimes1, Chris Robbins, Neil John O'Hare

  • 1School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. grimesd2@gmail.com

Medical Physics
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate modeling of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) dose is crucial for effective phototherapy. This study developed a line source model that accurately quantifies UVR output, paving the way for better patient dose calculations.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Dermatology
  • Radiation Biology

Background:

  • Ultraviolet phototherapy is a common treatment for skin conditions, offering physical and psychological benefits.
  • Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) poses risks including erythema, ocular damage, and potential carcinogenicity.
  • Precise control and quantification of UVR dose are essential for therapeutic efficacy and minimizing harm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the need for improved dose modeling of artificial UVR sources.
  • To characterize UVR sources through a first-principles approach and experimental validation.

Main Methods:

  • Development and implementation of a line source model for UVR.
  • Experimental examination and validation of the proposed dose model.

Main Results:

  • The line source model demonstrated impressive accuracy in characterizing UVR sources.
  • The model effectively quantifies the output radiation from artificial UVR sources.

Conclusions:

  • The developed line source model shows promise for accurate UVR dose quantification.
  • This approach can serve as a foundation for comprehensive computational models for patient UVR dosimetry.