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Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...

Veins of Thorax

Veins of Thorax

The azygos system is a crucial part of the body's circulatory system and drains most of the thorax. It comprises the azygos, hemiazygos, and accessory hemiazygos veins.
The azygos vein, positioned just right of the midline and anterior to the vertebral column, begins at the junction of the right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins, terminating in the superior vena cava. This vein drains blood from the right side of the thoracic wall, thoracic viscera, and posterior abdominal wall.
The...

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

[Chylothorax].

C Migliori¹, G Boroni, S Milianti

¹U.O. di Neonatologia e Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Università degli Studi di Brescia.

Minerva Pediatrica

|November 25, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chylothorax, the buildup of chyle in the pleural space, requires prompt medical and surgical intervention. Treatment involves pleural fluid drainage, nutritional support, and potentially surgery for persistent cases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

Thoracic Surgery
Neonatal Medicine
Gastroenterology

Context:

Chylothorax involves chyle accumulation in the pleural space, presenting congenitally in newborns or acquired later due to thoracic duct injury.
Clinical symptoms vary with effusion size, impacting respiratory function.
Etiology influences treatment strategies and patient prognosis.

Purpose:

To review the diagnosis and management of chylothorax.
To outline current therapeutic options, including medical and surgical interventions.
To discuss the prognostic factors affecting outcomes in chylothorax patients.

Summary:

Chylothorax management requires pleural drainage (thoracentesis) and nutritional support (total parenteral nutrition, fat-free diet with medium-chain triglycerides).
Pharmacological agents like somatostatin and octreotide show efficacy, particularly in post-surgical cases.
Surgical options such as thoracic duct ligation, pleurodesis, and pleuroperitoneal shunts are considered when conservative measures fail.

Impact:

This review provides a comprehensive overview of chylothorax management, aiding clinicians in optimizing patient care.
Understanding treatment nuances and prognostic indicators can lead to improved outcomes for chylothorax patients.
Highlights the multidisciplinary approach needed for effective chylothorax treatment, integrating medical and surgical expertise.