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Chromosomal pattern in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

S I Abdi1, M Saleem, M Ahmad

  • 1Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Chromosomal abnormalities in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) were analyzed in 35 cases. While many cases showed normal karyotypes, specific abnormalities like pseudodiploidy and hyperdiploidy were observed, offering diagnostic insights.

Area of Science:

  • Cytogenetics
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Chromosomal abnormalities are increasingly analyzed in neoplasia for prognostic and diagnostic insights.
  • Leukemias, particularly Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL), are extensively studied for karyotypic alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform karyotypic analysis in 35 consecutive cases of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL).
  • To correlate chromosomal changes with prognosis and biological behavior of the tumor.

Main Methods:

  • Karyotypic analysis using Giemsa banding technique.
  • Study included 35 consecutive cases of ALL, with 18 in children and 17 in adults.
  • FAB classification was used to categorize cases (31 L1, 4 L2).

Main Results:

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  • 15 cases (43%) had no karyotypic abnormality.
  • Pseudodiploidy was observed in 6 cases (17%), with specific abnormalities noted.
  • Hyperdiploidy was present in 13 cases (37%), including trisomies of chromosomes 8, 18, 21, and others.
  • Hypodiploidy was found in one case (3%).
  • A rare abnormality, t(13:22), was identified.

Conclusions:

  • The findings align with international studies on ALL chromosomal abnormalities.
  • Specific karyotypic alterations, including the rare t(13:22), provide valuable diagnostic information.
  • Chromosomal analysis in ALL is crucial for understanding disease behavior and prognosis.