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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
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Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

Global aging and the brain.

Thomas B L Kirkwood1

  • 1Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. tom.kirkwood@ncl.ac.uk

Nutrition Reviews
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Understanding brain aging is key to combating neurodegenerative diseases. This process, driven by cellular damage, is more adaptable than previously believed, offering new avenues for maintaining cognitive health throughout life.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Brain aging is intrinsically linked to age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Global aging results from the cumulative cellular and molecular damage over time.
  • Specific molecular lesions are associated with distinct diseases, yet pathways often overlap with general aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between intrinsic brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To understand the role of cellular and molecular damage in global aging.
  • To investigate the malleability of the aging process for healthspan interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on aging mechanisms.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular damage pathways.

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

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  • Synthesis of evidence on aging process plasticity.
  • Main Results:

    • Significant overlap exists between pathways driving specific diseases and general aging.
    • The global aging process demonstrates considerable malleability.
    • Interventions targeting aging pathways could improve cognitive health across the lifespan.

    Conclusions:

    • Brain aging and neurodegeneration are interconnected aspects of global aging.
    • The aging process is not fixed and can be influenced.
    • Strategies to enhance health and cognitive capital should consider the plasticity of aging.