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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
09:29

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

The autoimmune tautology.

Juan-Manuel Anaya

    Arthritis Research & Therapy
    |November 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Autoimmune diseases, despite differences, share common immunogenetic mechanisms, termed autoimmune tautology. Evidence from clinical, physiopathologic, and genetic studies supports this shared autoimmune basis.

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    Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

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    Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

    Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
    09:29

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    Published on: August 21, 2017

    Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis
    06:56

    Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis

    Published on: September 26, 2012

    Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
    11:12

    Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

    Published on: April 11, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Immunogenetics
    • Autoimmunity
    • Disease mechanisms

    Background:

    • Autoimmune diseases present diverse epidemiological, pathological, and clinical characteristics.
    • Despite heterogeneity, a unifying concept of shared immunogenetic mechanisms, termed autoimmune tautology, is proposed.

    Discussion:

    • Clinical evidence shows co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases in individuals (polyautoimmunity) and families (familial autoimmunity).
    • Physiopathologic evidence suggests overlapping pathological mechanisms across different autoimmune conditions.
    • Genetic evidence indicates that autoimmune phenotypes may arise from pleiotropic effects of common, non-specific genes.

    Key Insights:

    • Autoimmune tautology posits shared immunogenetic underpinnings for diverse autoimmune diseases.
    • Polyautoimmunity and familial autoimmunity support the concept of common underlying mechanisms.
    • Non-specific genetic factors interacting to produce varied autoimmune phenotypes are implicated.

    Outlook:

    • Further research into shared genetic and molecular pathways can elucidate autoimmune tautology.
    • Understanding these common mechanisms may lead to novel, broadly applicable therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.
    • This unifying perspective could reshape the classification and treatment paradigms for autoimmune disorders.