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Related Concept Videos

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...
Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...

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Related Experiment Video

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An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
09:37

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

Imprinted genes show unique patterns of sequence conservation.

Barbara Hutter1, Matthias Bieg, Volkhard Helms

  • 1Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany.

BMC Genomics
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic imprinting involves allele-specific DNA methylation. This study reveals conserved DNA features in imprinted genes, differing between maternal and paternal expression, impacting evolution and epigenetic regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism in mammals silencing one parental allele.
  • Understanding imprinting's interaction with evolutionary conservation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genome-wide interactions between allele-specific DNA methylation of imprinted genes and evolutionary conservation.
  • To compare genomic sequences and conserved elements of imprinted genes in humans and mice.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of human and mouse imprinted genes.
  • Identification and characterization of conserved elements within imprinted regions.

Main Results:

  • Conserved elements in imprinted regions differ from autosomal genes.
  • Paternally expressed genes show high conservation in coding/noncoding sequences; maternally expressed genes show divergence.
  • Imprinted regions exhibit CpG enrichment, reduced CpG deamination, and distinct G+C/CpG content between maternal and paternal genes.
  • Frequent intronic CpG islands and conserved LINE-1 repeats were observed, alongside enriched YY1/CTCF binding sites.

Conclusions:

  • Novel conserved DNA features linked to allele-specific DNA methylation were identified.
  • Reduced CpG deamination rates affect noncoding elements of paternally expressed genes.
  • Differences in epigenetic features drive distinct evolutionary paths for maternally and paternally expressed genes.
  • Intronic CpG islands and conserved LINE-1 elements may serve as key regulatory elements in imprinting.