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Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra

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Structural pathology underlying neuroendocrine dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Morris B Goldman¹, Lei Wang, Carly Wachi

¹Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry, 446 East Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, United States. m-goldman@northwestern.edu

Behavioural Brain Research

|November 25, 2010

Summary

Schizophrenia patients with polydipsia show anterior lateral hippocampal shape changes affecting neuroendocrine function. These structural differences in the hippocampus and amygdala help explain water imbalance in these patients.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Endocrinology

Background:

Polydipsic hyponatremic schizophrenic (PHS) patients have neuroendocrine and anterior hippocampal abnormalities.
Polydipsic normonatremic schizophrenic (PNS) patients show similar but less severe changes.
Nonpolydipsic normonatremic schizophrenic (NNS) patients differ significantly, with reduced anterior hippocampal volume but distinct neuroendocrine and hippocampal function.

Purpose of the Study:

To reconcile conflicting data on hippocampal pathology in schizophrenic patients with polydipsia.
To investigate structural differences in the hippocampus, amygdala, and 3rd ventricle across different schizophrenic subgroups and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

Compared hippocampal, amygdala, and 3rd ventricle shapes in 26 schizophrenic patients (PHS, PNS, NNS) and 12 healthy controls.
Utilized shape analysis to identify localized deformations in specific brain regions.
Correlated structural findings with neuroendocrine function and stress responses.

Main Results:

Inward hippocampal deformations were found in PHS (anterior lateral surface) and PNS (lesser extent), while NNS showed medial surface deformations.
Polydipsic groups (PHS and PNS) exhibited amygdala deformations that correlated with 3rd ventricle volume.
Structural abnormalities were most pronounced in patients with impaired hippocampal-mediated stress responses.

Conclusions:

Anterior lateral hippocampal pathology disrupts neuroendocrine function in schizophrenic patients with and without hyponatremia.
Findings reconcile previous data, suggesting a specific role for anterior lateral hippocampus in polydipsia associated with schizophrenia.
The precise link between these structural findings and the underlying mental illness requires further investigation.