Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
Published on: August 17, 2019
Reducing bromate formation with H(+)-form high silica zeolites during ozonation of bromide-containing water:
Tao Zhang1, Pin Hou, Zhimin Qiang
1Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. taozhang@rcees.ac.cn
Abstract:
This paper investigated the effect of H(+)-form high silica ZSM-5 (HZSM-5) zeolites on bromate formation. HZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al molar ratios (i.e., 25-300) were tested taking ozonation alone as control. The zeolites were more effective in reducing bromate formation for the filtered surface water than CeO₂, a former reported oxide that can reduce bromate formation at slightly acidic pH. The reduction efficiencies were not closely related to their Si/Al ratios. The HZSM-5 (Si/Al=300) selected for detailed studies effectively reduced bromate formation by 58% for the filtered water, and also enhanced the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during ozonation. The efficiency of the HZSM-5 in reducing bromate formation increased with ozone dose (0.38-1.16 mg O₃ mg⁻¹ DOC) and pH (6.6-9.3). The HZSM-5 adsorbed OBr⁻ (one of the critical intermediates in bromate formation) quickly with an adsorption capacity of 54 mg g⁻¹, but had no adsorption for ozone, Br⁻, HOBr and BrO₃⁻. It also significantly inhibited the formation of trace H₂O₂ which was generated from ozone decomposition and had been considered promoting bromate formation at low concentrations during ozonation. The reduction of bromate formation in O₃/HZSM-5 is possibly ascribed to the selective OBr⁻ adsorption in combination with the inhibited H₂O₂ formation.
Related Concept Videos
α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes
Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Mechanism
The mechanism starts with chain initiation, which involves two steps. In the first chain initiation step, a weak peroxide bond is homolytically cleaved upon mild heating to form two alkoxy radicals. In the second initiation step, a hydrogen atom is abstracted by the alkoxy radical...
Catalysis
Catalysis
Rate-Determining Steps
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...

