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Related Concept Videos

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Classification of Leukocytes01:30

Classification of Leukocytes

Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
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Structure and Function of Leukocytes

An adult in good health typically has between 4,500 and 11,000 leukocytes, or white blood cells, per microliter of blood, which constitutes about 1% of the total blood volume. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells contain a nucleus and other cellular organelles but do not have hemoglobin. Most white blood cells reside in connective tissues, particularly in lymphatic organs such as the lymph nodes, with only a small fraction present in circulating blood.
White blood cells protect the body...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

ATAC-Seq Library Preparation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Neutrophils
09:44

ATAC-Seq Library Preparation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Neutrophils

Published on: January 3, 2025

Neutrophils, from marrow to microbes.

Niels Borregaard1

  • 1The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. borregaard@rh.dk

Immunity
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Neutrophils, crucial immune cells, are activated at infection sites to combat microbes. They utilize granules and DNA traps to eliminate pathogens, though they can also cause tissue damage.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neutrophils originate from bone marrow stem cells and circulate as dormant cells.
  • Mature neutrophils possess granules containing proteins for microbial killing and potential tissue damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the activation and function of neutrophils at infection sites.
  • To describe the mechanisms neutrophils employ to combat microorganisms.

Main Methods:

  • The study describes the process of neutrophil activation by endothelial cells at infection sites.
  • It details the mechanisms of microbial killing, including granule release and metabolic activation.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophils are guided by endothelial cells into infected tissues where they become activated.

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  • They kill microbes using microbicidal agents and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

    • Conclusions:

    • Neutrophils play a dual role, eliminating pathogens while posing a risk of tissue damage.
    • Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a key antimicrobial mechanism.