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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
11:48

Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: October 9, 2014

Alternative splicing in bone following mechanical loading.

Sara M Mantila Roosa1, Yunlong Liu, Charles H Turner

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. smantila@purdue.edu

Bone
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanical loading significantly impacts gene expression in bone through alternative splicing. This process alters protein function and may be crucial for bone

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Alternative splicing is a common biological process, with over 90% of human genes producing multiple mRNA transcripts.
  • Different splice variants can lead to proteins with distinct functions and expression levels, impacting cellular processes.
  • Known splice variants in bone influence osteoblast function and bone formation, highlighting the tissue-specific relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent and nature of alternative splicing in bone tissue subjected to mechanical loading.
  • To understand how mechanical loading influences gene expression patterns related to bone formation and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • A rat forelimb mechanical loading model was employed, applying axial load to the ulna for 3 minutes daily.
  • Ulnae were collected at 11 time points, ranging from 4 hours to 32 days post-loading.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance was quantified using Affymetrix exon arrays, with alternative splicing analysis via ANOVA and qPCR validation.

Main Results:

  • Mechanical loading induced significant changes in alternative splicing, with the number of alternatively spliced genes varying over time (68 at 12h to 992 at 16d).
  • Identified alternatively spliced genes involved in known bone formation pathways (e.g., collagens, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β signaling).
  • Discovered alternatively spliced genes with potentially novel roles in bone, including those encoding cytokines, ion channels, and solute carriers.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical loading is a potent stimulus for alternative splicing in bone tissue.
  • Alternative splicing likely plays a critical role in the bone's adaptive response to mechanical stress.
  • This study provides a comprehensive dataset of load-induced alternative splicing in bone, offering insights into novel regulatory mechanisms.