The role of angiogenesis in neuroendocrine tumors

John Lyons1, Catherine T Anthony, Eugene A Woltering

  • 1Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

Insights

This study reviews methods for assessing in vitro angiogenesis in neuroendocrine tumors. It highlights advancements from animal models to direct patient tumor testing for antiangiogenic therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • Early research on neuroendocrine tumor (NET) antiangiogenesis relied on animal models to test somatostatin analogs.
  • Technological advancements now permit direct assessment of in vitro angiogenesis in individual patient NETs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the historical development of in vitro angiogenesis assessment methods for neuroendocrine tumors.
  • To discuss current methodologies and their clinical relevance in evaluating antiangiogenic strategies for NETs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical animal-based assays for studying somatostatin analogs' antiangiogenic effects.
  • Description of modern in vitro techniques for evaluating patient-derived neuroendocrine tumor responses to antiangiogenic agents.

Main Results:

  • Evolution from indirect animal studies to direct in vitro analysis of NET angiogenesis.
  • Demonstration of current capabilities to test individual tumor responses to novel therapies.

Conclusions:

  • In vitro angiogenesis assays provide a direct platform for evaluating antiangiogenic treatments in neuroendocrine tumors.
  • These methods are crucial for advancing personalized therapeutic strategies in NET management.

Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...