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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring

Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...

Instrumentation Amplifier

Instrumentation Amplifier

An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
To overcome this challenge, an ECG machine utilizes an instrumentation amplifier. This specialized amplifier is...

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage. When...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

Published on: December 28, 2012

An ECG ambulatory system with mobile embedded architecture for ST-segment analysis.

Alejandro Miranda-Cid¹, Carlos Alvarado-Serrano

¹Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), México D.F., México. amiranda@cinvestav.mx

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

|November 25, 2010

Summary

A new ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) system prototype enables long-term ST segment monitoring. This portable, low-power device utilizes a portable entertainment unit for data storage and processing, offering enhanced patient monitoring capabilities.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Medical Devices
Signal Processing

Background:

Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is crucial for diagnosing cardiac conditions, particularly ST segment abnormalities.
Existing ambulatory ECG systems often face limitations in power consumption, portability, and data management.
The need for a compact, low-power, and user-friendly system for continuous ST segment analysis is evident.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a prototype ambulatory ECG system for long-term ST segment monitoring.
To design a low-power, portable device with efficient data storage and processing capabilities.
To assess the system's performance in acquiring, storing, and displaying ECG data.

Main Methods:

Development of a prototype system integrating a portable entertainment device with a PIC 16F877 microcontroller.
Implementation of a low-power, unipolar ECG amplifier with minimal phase distortion in the ST segment.
Algorithm development for FAT32 file management, on-device ECG display, and data storage in TXT format.

Main Results:

A functional prototype of a 3-lead ECG ambulatory system was successfully developed.
The system demonstrated low power consumption and portability, utilizing a standard entertainment device for data handling.
ECG data was accurately digitized, transmitted, stored in TXT format, and accessible via USB mass storage.

Conclusions:

The developed prototype offers a viable solution for low-power, long-term ambulatory ST segment monitoring.
Integration with portable entertainment devices provides a cost-effective and accessible platform for bioelectric signal processing.
The system's design facilitates easy data retrieval for further clinical analysis, improving diagnostic potential.