Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Color Vision

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Temporal trends in the causes of in-hospital cardiac arrest: a retrospective observational cohort study on the limitations of the current alert system at a tertiary hospital in Korea.

BMJ open·2025

Same author

Analysis of the interrelationship between precipitation and confirmed dengue cases in the city of Recife (Brazil) covering climate and public health information.

Frontiers in public health·2024

Same author

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors ameliorate ER stress-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by inhibiting CD36 in NAFLD progression in vitro.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2024

Same author

Docosahexanoic Acid Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis by Autophagy Upregulation via GPR120/mTOR Axis in Insulin-Secreting Cells.

Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)·2024

Same author

Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonist Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Proliferation and Migration in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Ameliorates Phosphate-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Calcification.

Diabetes & metabolism journal·2024

Same author

Inhibition of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 during Serum Deprivation Increases Hepatic Gluconeogenesis via the AMPK/AKT/FOXO Signaling Pathway.

Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

Fuzzy-based simulation of real color blindness.

Jinmi Lee, Wellington P dos Santos

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

|November 25, 2010

Summary

This study introduces two computational tools to aid individuals with color blindness. One tool diagnoses color vision deficiency and its severity, while the other simulates red-green color blindness for research.

More Related Videos

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Published on: September 18, 2012

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Published on: September 18, 2012

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Computer Science
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Approximately 8% of men experience color blindness, limiting their perception of visual information.
Color vision deficiency presents significant challenges in daily life and accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop computational tools assisting individuals with color blindness.
To create a method for simulating red-green color blindness for research purposes.
To deepen the understanding of accessibility issues related to chromatic visual impairment.

Main Methods:

Development of a computational tool for color blindness testing and severity assessment.
Implementation of a Fuzzy Logic-based method to simulate red-green color blindness.
Generation of synthetic cases of color vision disturbance for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

Successful development of two distinct computational tools.
Establishment of a statistically significant method for generating synthetic color vision disturbances.
Quantification of color blindness severity through the diagnostic tool.

Conclusions:

The developed tools offer potential solutions for individuals with color blindness.
The simulation method provides a valuable resource for studying and addressing accessibility problems.
Further research can build upon these tools to enhance visual accessibility.