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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules01:35

Microtubules

There are three types of cytoskeletal structures in eukaryotic cells—microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the thickest of these fibers. Microtubules carry out a variety of functions that include cell structure and support, transport of organelles, cell motility (movement), and the separation of chromosomes during cell division.Microtubules are hollow tubes whose walls are made up of globular tubulin proteins. Each tubulin...
Microtubules01:18

Microtubules

Microtubules are the thickest cytoskeletal filaments with a diameter of 25 nm. In prokaryotic organisms, microtubules are commonly found in locomotory appendages like cilia and flagella. In eukaryotic cells, microtubules form specialized extensions for moving fluid over the surface, like those found in cells lining the intestine.
Microtubules have two structurally similar globular protein subunits: α and β tubulins. In the cytosol, the α and β tubulins form a heterodimer. These αβ-heterodimers...
Microtubule Formation01:23

Microtubule Formation

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation of...
Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated assembly and...
Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

Destabilization of Microtubules

The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Using plusTipTracker Software to Measure Microtubule Dynamics in Xenopus laevis Growth Cones
07:32

Using plusTipTracker Software to Measure Microtubule Dynamics in Xenopus laevis Growth Cones

Published on: September 7, 2014

Automatic tip selection for microtubule dynamics quantification.

Mario O Malavé1, Xuran Zhao, Koon Yin Kong

  • 1Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332 USA.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an automated method for analyzing microtubule (MT) dynamics, crucial for understanding cancer drug effects. The new algorithm accurately identifies active MT tips, improving cancer treatment evaluation.

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Preparation of Segmented Microtubules to Study Motions Driven by the Disassembling Microtubule Ends
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Preparation of Segmented Microtubules to Study Motions Driven by the Disassembling Microtubule Ends

Published on: March 15, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Microtubule (MT) dynamics, including elongation, shortening, and pauses, are vital for cell division.
  • Paclitaxel, a cancer drug, disrupts MT dynamics by causing bundling, inhibiting mitosis in cancer cells.
  • Accurate MT dynamics analysis is essential for evaluating cancer treatments and understanding drug mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automatic initialization algorithm for microtubule (MT) tip tracking.
  • To enable faster evaluation of potential cancer therapeutics and enhance understanding of their cellular effects.
  • To overcome limitations of manual initialization in current MT dynamics analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed an automatic initialization algorithm for selecting isolated and active MT tips.
  • Utilized a Gaussian match filter for MT structure enhancement and Pixel Nucleus Analysis (PNA) for tip detection.
  • Employed masked FFT in the temporal domain followed by K-means clustering to identify dynamic tips, with evaluation via a tip linking algorithm.

Main Results:

  • Successfully applied the algorithm to model images and experimental data from MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
  • Demonstrated effective MT tip selection based on outer region selection, separation, and MT dynamics criteria.
  • Compared the proposed tip selection criteria with existing automatic selection algorithms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed automatic initialization algorithm is an effective technique for analyzing microtubule dynamics.
  • This method facilitates more efficient and accurate assessment of cancer drug efficacy.
  • The findings contribute to improved understanding of drug-induced alterations in microtubule behavior.