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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

First neuronavigation experiences in Uruguay.

Guillermo Carbajal1, Alvaro Gomez, Gabriela Pereyra

  • 1Instituto de Ingeniería Eléctrica (Facultad de Ingeniería - Universidad de la República, Uruguay. carbajal@fing.edu.uy

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces the first experimental neuronavigation trials in Uruguay, developing a cost-effective prototype using open-source software for image-guided neurosurgery.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Technology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Neuronavigation, a vital image-guided technique in neurosurgery, has seen limited adoption in Uruguay due to high costs.
  • Despite global use for over a decade, local implementation faced financial barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and test the first experimental neuronavigation system in Uruguay.
  • To develop a cost-effective prototype for image-guided neurosurgery.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a neuronavigation prototype utilizing optical tracking equipment.
  • Implementation of the open-source Image Guided Surgery Toolkit (IGSTK) software.
  • Conducting experimental trials in collaboration with academic and clinical institutions.

Main Results:

  • Successful development and initial testing of a novel neuronavigation prototype.
  • Demonstration of feasibility for image-guided neurosurgery in Uruguay.

Conclusions:

  • The project successfully initiated neuronavigation trials in Uruguay, overcoming previous cost barriers.
  • The developed prototype shows promise for advancing neurosurgical procedures through accessible image guidance.