Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Identification and characterization of multidomain monothiol glutaredoxin 3 from diploblastic Hydra.

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology·2024
Same author

Effect of long-term oral glutathione supplementation on gut microbiome of type 2 diabetic individuals.

FEMS microbiology letters·2023
Same author

Glutaredoxin 1 from Evolutionary Ancient Hydra: Characteristics of the Enzyme and Its Possible Functions in Cell.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia·2023
Same author

Glutathione synthetase from Hydra vulgaris: Molecular cloning, overexpression, purification and partial characterization.

Protein expression and purification·2023
Same author

A novel thioredoxin glutathione reductase from evolutionary ancient metazoan Hydra.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2022
Same author

Cloning and characterization of Thioredoxin 1 from the Cnidarian Hydra.

Journal of biochemistry·2021
Same journal

A geometry-informed continuous 3D IEQ framework enables more accurate dose estimation in stem cell-derived islet transplantation.

Islets·2026
Same journal

Human and mouse regenerative macrophages enhance beta cell survival, function, and proliferation.

Islets·2026
Same journal

Is the intraportal or renal subcapsular space a preferable site for islet allo- and xeno-transplantation? A brief historical review.

Islets·2026
Same journal

Annexin A1 exacerbates islet stellate cell activation by regulating triglyceride catabolism via the PPARα/ACOX1/CYP4a pathway.

Islets·2026
Same journal

Differential expression of mitomiRs in pancreatic islet cells associated with maternal protein restriction.

Islets·2026
Same journal

The effect of HNF4α knockout in beta cells is age and sex dependent.

Islets·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals
07:39

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

Published on: June 25, 2018

Islets and their antioxidant defense.

Jhankar D Acharya1, Saroj S Ghaskadbi

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Pune, Pune, India.

Islets
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pancreatic islet cells are highly sensitive to oxidative stress due to weak antioxidant defenses. Boosting these defenses with antioxidants can protect cells from damage, particularly during diabetes.

More Related Videos

Direct Detection of Isolevuglandins in Tissues Using a D11 scFv-Alkaline Phosphatase Fusion Protein and Immunofluorescence
06:33

Direct Detection of Isolevuglandins in Tissues Using a D11 scFv-Alkaline Phosphatase Fusion Protein and Immunofluorescence

Published on: July 5, 2021

Isolated Pancreatic Islet Treatment and Apoptosis Measurement
09:36

Isolated Pancreatic Islet Treatment and Apoptosis Measurement

Published on: May 2, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals
07:39

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

Published on: June 25, 2018

Direct Detection of Isolevuglandins in Tissues Using a D11 scFv-Alkaline Phosphatase Fusion Protein and Immunofluorescence
06:33

Direct Detection of Isolevuglandins in Tissues Using a D11 scFv-Alkaline Phosphatase Fusion Protein and Immunofluorescence

Published on: July 5, 2021

Isolated Pancreatic Islet Treatment and Apoptosis Measurement
09:36

Isolated Pancreatic Islet Treatment and Apoptosis Measurement

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Pancreatic beta-cells regulate blood glucose by secreting insulin.
  • Persistent hyperglycemia in diabetes leads to oxidative stress (OS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction.
  • Islet cells are uniquely vulnerable to OS due to inherent weaknesses in antioxidant defense and DNA repair mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reasons behind the heightened susceptibility of pancreatic islet cells to oxidative stress.
  • To explore strategies for enhancing islet cell defense against oxidative damage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on islet cell physiology, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the role of metabolic evolution in determining islet cell antioxidant capacity.

Main Results:

  • Islet cells exhibit a lower capacity for antioxidant defense and DNA repair compared to other tissues.
  • This vulnerability is linked to their metabolic evolutionary path.
  • Interventions like antioxidant administration and gene therapy have shown success in bolstering islet cell defense.

Conclusions:

  • The inherent vulnerability of pancreatic islet cells to oxidative stress is a significant factor in diabetes complications.
  • Targeting and enhancing islet cell antioxidant defenses represent a promising therapeutic strategy for managing diabetes-related islet dysfunction.