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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Targeting Neuronal Fiber Tracts for Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy Using Interactive, Patient-Specific Models

Targeting Neuronal Fiber Tracts for Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy Using Interactive, Patient-Specific Models

Published on: August 12, 2018

Improving targeting in image-guided frame-based deep brain stimulation.

Etienne M Holl¹, Erika A Petersen, Thomas Foltynie

¹Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

|November 25, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new calibration strategy significantly improves accuracy in image-guided deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode placement for movement disorders. This method aims to place 97% of electrodes within 2 mm of the target, enhancing treatment precision.

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Published on: December 22, 2020

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Medical Imaging
Neurology

Background:

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a key treatment for movement disorders like Parkinson disease (PD), dystonia, and tremors.
Accurate electrode placement is crucial for effective DBS therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and quantify systematic errors in image-guided DBS electrode targeting.
To develop and evaluate a calibration strategy to improve stereotactic accuracy.

Main Methods:

Analysis of pre- and postoperative stereotactic MR images from 165 patients (312 DBS electrodes).
Geometric calculation of perpendicular error between planned targets and actual electrode trajectories.
Assessment of motor improvement using the Unified PD Rating Scale III subscore for PD patients.

Main Results:

Mean targeting error was 1.4 mm, with variations between hemispheres and higher error for coronal approach angles ≥10°.
A calibration strategy based on coronal approach angle and target hemisphere reduced mean error to 0.6 mm.
Calibration improved accuracy, placing 97% of electrodes within 2 mm of the target, compared to 81% without calibration.

Conclusions:

A calibrated MR image-guided stereotactic approach can achieve high accuracy in DBS electrode placement.
The proposed calibration strategy is expected to deliver 97% of electrodes within 2 mm of the target on a single brain pass.
No significant correlation was found between targeting error and clinical outcomes in subthalamic nucleus DBS for PD.