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Related Concept Videos

Communication01:03

Communication

Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.Although predation is commonly associated with carnivory, for...
Obedience01:08

Obedience

According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation, obedience...
Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs
08:59

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs

Published on: October 13, 2017

"Beware man's best friend".

Caroline Cleuziou1, Aymeric Binard, Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec

  • 1Department of Rheumatology and Laboratory of Bacteriology, Brest Teaching Hospital, Brest cedex, France.

Spine
|November 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Broad-range bacterial polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) testing successfully diagnosed Capnocytophaga canimorsus discitis in a culture-negative case. This molecular method is valuable for diagnosing challenging osteoarticular infections.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a gram-negative bacillus, is found in canine and feline oral flora.
  • This bacterium can cause severe infections, including septicemia, septic shock, arthritis, and discitis.
  • While susceptible to antibiotics, diagnosis can be challenging.

Observation:

  • A 54-year-old male presented with lumbar discitis and vertebral damage.
  • Initial investigations, including blood/urine cultures and serological tests, were negative.
  • Standard bacteriological studies from a percutaneous biopsy yielded no organisms.

Findings:

  • Broad-range bacterial 16S rDNA polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) testing was performed on a second biopsy.
  • PCR analysis definitively identified Capnocytophaga canimorsus as the causative agent.
  • This molecular technique provided a diagnosis in a culture-negative setting.

Implications:

  • Broad-range PCR is a crucial tool for diagnosing culture-negative osteoarticular infections.
  • This method enhances diagnostic capabilities for challenging bacterial infections.
  • Consideration of PCR testing can lead to timely and accurate diagnosis of Capnocytophaga canimorsus infections.