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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

Published on: March 30, 2019

Inherited polymorphisms in the RNA-mediated interference machinery affect microRNA expression and lung cancer

M Rotunno¹, Y Zhao, A W Bergen

¹Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-7248, USA.

British Journal of Cancer

|November 25, 2010

Summary

Genetic variations in microRNA (miR) processing genes impact lung cancer survival. A specific RNASEN haplotype correlated with reduced survival and altered miR expression in lung adenocarcinoma.

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Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Genetics
Molecular Biology
Oncology

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRs) play a crucial role in lung carcinogenesis.
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miR biogenesis genes may influence miR expression and lung cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between SNPs in miR biogenesis genes (POLR2A, RNASEN, DICER1) and lung cancer risk and survival.
To explore the relationship between these genetic variations and miR expression profiles in lung cancer tissues.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 12 SNPs in POLR2A, RNASEN, and DICER1 genes in 1984 lung cancer cases and 2073 controls from the EAGLE study.
Investigation of miR expression profiles in 165 lung adenocarcinoma and 125 squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples.
Use of logistic and Cox regression models for risk and survival analyses, and t-tests for SNP-miR expression associations.

Main Results:

A haplotype in the RNASEN (Drosha) gene was significantly associated with shorter lung cancer survival (HR=1.86, P=0.007).
In lung adenocarcinoma cases, a SNP within this haplotype correlated with reduced RNASEN mRNA expression (P=0.013) and altered expression of cancer-associated miRs (e.g., let-7 family, miR-21).

Conclusions:

Inherited variations in the microRNA processing machinery can influence miR expression levels.
These genetic variations are linked to lung cancer-specific survival outcomes.