Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy for a Label-Free Amyloid Structural Characterization
05:54

Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy for a Label-Free Amyloid Structural Characterization

Published on: September 8, 2023

Polarization holographic gratings in side-chain azobenzene polyesters with linear and circular photoanisotropy

L Nikolova, T Todorov, M Ivanov

    Applied Optics
    |November 25, 2010
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal06:24

    High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

    Published on: October 31, 2019

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms08:48

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

    Published on: September 25, 2020

    Related Concept Videos

    Group Polarization01:01

    Group Polarization

    Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
    Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

    Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

    The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
    Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
    Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

    Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

    Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
    Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

    Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

    The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
    Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
    Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

    Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

    Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
    Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

    Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

    The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...