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Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

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Diffraction efficiency of a grating coupler for an array illuminator.

T Nakaya, Y Katoh, T Kubota

    Applied Optics
    |November 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study validates coupled-wave theory for grating coupler diffraction efficiency. Fabricated devices confirm theoretical predictions, enabling uniform multi-beam array illuminators.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Diffractive Optics
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Grating couplers are essential optical components for coupling light into integrated photonic circuits.
    • Accurate prediction of diffraction efficiency is crucial for designing efficient optical systems.
    • Surface-relief gratings offer a versatile platform for manipulating light propagation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To calculate and experimentally validate the diffraction efficiency of surface-relief grating couplers using coupled-wave theory.
    • To investigate the impact of groove depth on diffraction efficiency.
    • To design and fabricate a multi-beam array illuminator based on validated numerical results.

    Main Methods:

    • Coupled-wave theory was employed for theoretical calculation of diffraction efficiency.
    • Grating couplers were fabricated to experimentally measure diffraction efficiency.
    • The dependence of diffraction efficiency on groove depth was analyzed.
    • Numerical results guided the design and fabrication of an array illuminator.

    Main Results:

    • Calculated diffraction efficiencies closely matched experimentally measured values.
    • The groove depth was identified as a critical parameter influencing diffraction efficiency.
    • A functional array illuminator producing 10 and 20 beams with equal intensity was successfully fabricated.
    • The study discussed uniformity errors in output beams due to diffraction efficiency variations.

    Conclusions:

    • Coupled-wave theory provides an accurate method for predicting the performance of grating couplers.
    • Experimental validation confirms the theoretical model's reliability.
    • The developed design methodology enables the creation of efficient and uniform array illuminators for various applications.