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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

UV–Vis Spectrometers

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

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Published on: December 22, 2015

Microspectrometer with slab-waveguide transmission gratings.

D Sander, O Blume, J Möller

|November 25, 2010

Summary

A novel integrated transmission diffraction grating in a planar optical waveguide enables compact, cost-effective broadband spectroscopic analysis for gases and liquids. This device offers a moving-parts-free solution for UV-visible and near-infrared industrial applications.

Area of Science:

Photonics and Spectroscopy
Materials Science
Optical Engineering

Background:

Spectroscopic analysis is crucial for identifying and quantifying substances in various industrial processes.
Existing spectrometers can be bulky, expensive, and contain moving parts, limiting their field applicability.
Miniaturization and cost reduction are key drivers for advancing spectroscopic instrumentation.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an integrated transmission diffraction grating within a planar optical waveguide for broadband spectroscopic analysis.
To develop a compact, economic, and robust spectrometer suitable for industrial process control.
To demonstrate a novel approach for high-efficiency diffraction and spectral dispersion in a waveguide-based system.

Main Methods:

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High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

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Fabrication of silicon oxynitride slab waveguides on silicon substrates with low optical loss.

Integration of a phase transmission grating with a blaze effect at 500 nm for high-efficiency diffraction.

Utilizing a stepped planar grating to couple light from the waveguide into air.

Employing constructive interference at a cylindrical lens focal line for spectral data collection.

Detection of spectral data using a common silicon photodiode array.

Main Results:

Achieved high-efficiency diffraction and high spectral dispersion through the integrated grating design.
Demonstrated the principle of constructive interference for spectral analysis at the focal line.
Successfully detected spectral data using a standard silicon photodiode array.
The developed system is compact and economic, without any moving parts.

Conclusions:

The integrated transmission diffraction grating in a planar optical waveguide is a viable technology for broadband spectroscopic analysis.
This approach offers a promising solution for compact and cost-effective spectrometers for UV-visible and near-infrared applications.
The moving-parts-free design enhances robustness and suitability for industrial process control.